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Bullenhuser DAMM

On April 20, 1945 in Hamburg school of Bullenhuser Damm 20 Jewish children from across Europe were killed: 10 males and 10 females - from France, Holland, Yugoslavia, Italy, Poland, from the death camp of Auschwitz Birkenau, with a terrible deception perpetrated by the angel of death, Dr. Joseph Mengele, were sent to concentration camp Neuengamme - which is about 30 km from Hamburg - as human guinea pigs for experiments on tuberculosis, which would have led to the Nazi doctor Kurt Heissmeyer

The 20 children came to Neuengamme November 29, 1944.

Dr. Kurt Heissmeyer he started his experiments in January 1945. On April 20, the experiment had failed, the children were sick and exhausted and the British were at the gates ... the order came from Berlin to Hamburg to transfer to the school Bullenhuser Damm and eliminate them. An hour before midnight began their massacre. That night the bodies of children were transferred back to Bullenhuser Damm Neuengamme and cremated.

On 18 March 1946, the British army began the trial of the 14 responsible for the massacre of these 20 innocent people, which resulted in their death sentence by hanging May 3. Only 11 of them were executed, the other three remained unpunished.

With Schwarberg Günther, German journalist of the weekly "Stern" who dedicated his whole life to find the killers of the Third Reich, April 20 has become "The Day of Remembrance" and the school Bullenhuser Damm, now called Janusz Korczak Schule in honor of the great Polish educator who died in Treblinka along with the Jewish children of the orphanage who founded and directed the Warsaw ghetto, every year we organize a memorial ceremony in honor of these 20 children.

On April 20, 1979 was born the 'Association for Children of Bullenhuser Damm ", of which Philippe Kohn - brother of Georges-André, the largest of the 20 children.

In school, on a plaque in a garden of white roses reads:

"Let us pause in silence, but when you leave TALK"

Auschwitz-Birkenau

Located 30 km from Katowice, 50 from Cracow, 286 from Warsaw, the town of Auschwitz after occupying Poland (September 1939) was incorporated into the Reich with the whole region of Upper Silesia. Until then under Polish sovereignty, it was renamed Auschwitz second floor of the Germanization of the whole area.

At the time of its establishment, 27 April 1940 Auschwitz, there were 21 buildings in red brick.

From 1940 to 1944 in the Auschwitz-Birkenau-Monowitz were initiated several projects with various purposes. Under these programs, the complex was used as a concentration camp, concentration camp for prisoners of war, death camp, but also as a store of forced labor for large industries and human guinea pigs for Nazi medical experimentation.

The "yard" of Auschwitz did not know virtually stop from 1940 to 1945, continuously fed by the trains that brought their human cargo from all over Europe, and did not stop even when the threshold of the end, the leaders of the attempted extermination of the clear traces of what had happened dismantling, burning, deported to concentration camps safer prisoners. On January 27, 1945 the gates of Auschwitz were opened before the astonished eyes of Red Army soldiers, welcomed by the few prisoners who could not be evacuated.

Jewish children to Auschwitz

When Jewish children came with their families to Auschwitz, after days of agonizing journey in sealed wagons, were subject to selection. If you were under 15 years were destined for immediate extermination. The SS guards separated them from their families and forced them in the group of those who were on their way to the gas chambers at Birkenau. Escaped immediate death to some children (especially twins) intended for medical experiments of Josef Mengele.

We report here an excerpt from the testimony given in 1961 by Dr. Janina Kosciuszkowa, former inmates of Auschwitz-Birkenau, which was registered under No 36319, confirming what reported by Dr. Paulina Trocki, cited in the pages of this book.

"Children in Auschwitz can be divided into four groups: 1) the children sent to gas chambers immediately upon arrival, 2) children killed before birth or even killed at birth, 3) children born in the camp and left life, 4) children admitted to the camp as prisoners.

[...] ... Agosto1944 dozens of convoys began to arrive from Warsaw: older women, infants, children, adolescents, adults. And once they took off their children to mothers . were opened two new brick buildings [...] They contained three hundred children each, ten at a time in cramped cubicles at the "castle", tight against each other. Dirty, hungry, poorly dressed, exhausted, [...] began to fall ill: pneumonia, scarlet fever, diphtheria. [...] The SS tried children with facial features "Nordic" and blue eyes and sent them immediately in quarantine. We strive in every way to recover [...] to prevent that they were shipped to Germany. But it was impossible to deceive Dr. Mengele [...]. "

transport, ie the systematic deportations

Jews deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau came from twelve countries invaded by the German army : Slovakia, France, Poland, Holland, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Bohemia-Moravia, Germany, Austria, Norway, Greece, Italy, Hungary. Total of deported Jews, about 1,100,000 people.

's arrival at Auschwitz

Auschwitz were three places equipped for the discharge of the convoys of deportees arriving daily at the camp.

The first, from which they were made to get the political prisoners, was outside the camp. The second, called Judenrampe, was established in the second half of 1942, coinciding with the beginning of the extermination of Jews. It was located at the freight terminal station of Oswiecim, in the open countryside. The third, called Bahnrampe, established in mid May 1944, entered directly in the field along the central avenue that separates the sectors BI and BII. From that moment on, the discharge of prisoners and their personal property was made on this ramp, more comfortable and away from prying eyes.

selection

During the spring of 1942, the date of commencement of the deportations of Jews to Auschwitz, the selection of skilled work was done directly in the country of origin of the deportees. Then, according to the provisions of Heinrich Himmler, the Jews were transported to the camp and murdered. Since July 4, 1942 the shortage of domestic labor to the field led him to pursue a selection arrival of the deportees. Those judged unable to work - pregnant or with babies in their arms, the weak, the disabled, the elderly, those who were younger than 15 years - were sent to death immediately, able-bodied prisoners were kept as slaves.

The tattoo of a serial number

Auschwitz was the only concentration camp where he was introduced to use - just since the spring of 1942 and initially only for the Jews - of mark the serial number directly to the skin of the prisoner. Was done with needles that tattooed the single digits on his left forearm.

The gas chambers

extermination plants. Auschwitz-Birkenau were set up in eight buildings: Block No 11 and crematorium I (Auschwitz); bunker No 1 and 2, crematorium II, III, IV and V (Birkenau).

gas

The gas chosen for the mass murder at Auschwitz was the prussic acid (or cyanide), marketed under the name Zyklon B. It was introduced in the field as a disinfectant in July 1940 and tested on human beings 3 September 1941. The prussic acid gas is highly toxic to humans, blocks the exchange of oxygen in the tissues, causing a sense of dizziness, headache, vomiting, seizures. It was chosen for the mass murder of Jews for two reasons: the high toxicity and rapid evaporation. In a closed and sealed, the total duration of each mass murder, was about 20-30 minutes: 5-10 of poisoning itself, 15-20 for the ventilation of the room.

medical experiments

Many physicians participated in the criminal experiments on prisoners of concentration camps. The responsibility of this activity is attributed to the SS commander Heinrich Himmler and Ernst Grawitz, physician and director of the health center SS.

The experiments were aimed at the pursuit of the scientific basis of the theory of racial superiority of "Aryan" to the construction of projects on population policy and the improved health of the German military. In addition to the experiments sponsored by the authorities, some doctors carry out experiments on inmates at the request of pharmaceutical companies and institutes of German medical reasons or for professional careers. In the complex of Auschwitz-Birkenau-Monowitz there were no limits, nor on the type of work, or on the number of subjects to be submitted to the trial: in fact, Auschwitz was so well stocked with human material that you can "export" as was the group of children transferred to Neuengamme.

Joseph Mengele

Born in 1911 in Günzburg in Germany, Mengele graduated in medicine in 1935 and received his doctorate in 1938. With the rank of captain in 1943 was sent to Auschwitz. Here he remained until the evacuation (January 17, 1945) by conducting medical experiments on humans and often chairing the selection of Jews deported. Interested in the phenomenon of twins and those people he called "monsters", used as guinea pigs, children, twins and dwarfs, practicing genital mutilation and injections into a vein or directly into the heart, the outcome almost always fatal. Transferred to Gross-Rosen, disappeared after the release (May 5, 1945). Reappeared in 1949 in Argentina. Tried and convicted at Nuremberg, once again managed to escape before then in Brazil in Paraguay, where he lost track of him. It is believed that Mengele died in 1978, though there are no documents to prove.

Neuengamme (1938-1945)

Location: Northern Germany, south-east of Hamburg.

Constitution in June 1940. From September 1938 to June 1940, Neuengamme was a subfield of Sachsenhausen, and later was classified as KL-Konzentrationslager (field concentration).

Subfields: 12.

evacuation in April 1945.

categories of prisoners, Soviet prisoners of war.

camp commander: Martin G. Weiss - Max Pauly.

medical experiments: inoculation of the tubercle bacillus.

Forced Labour:

in a brick factory;

in the draining of the marshes surrounding

in war production.

highest number of prisoners present at one time, including the subfields: 36,000

Total number of prisoners rose from the field, including the subfields:

100,000.

number of deaths recorded: 56,000.

Main causes of death: medical experiments - executions.

Kurt Heissmeyer

Heissmeyer Kurt was born in Magdeburg, 26 December 1905 in a family of doctors. He worked first in Freiburg and later in the hospital of the prestigious ski resort of Davos. After serving as assistant to Augusta Victoria Hospital in Berlin, was finally taken to the hospital of SS Hohenlychen.

Heissmeyer At 38 years she was a secondary figure and, above all, had not yet become a university lecturer (the German academic system to teach at the University stated that it was necessary to produce a scientifically valuable work to be presented to a board of examiners . In 1943, the Nazi concentration and extermination camps were in full swing and many doctors were already committed to conducting research on human subjects.

Heissmeyer For this possibility seemed a good shortcut to finally attain the professorship.

To enter the system of concentration camps, however, needed strong support. Heissmeyer addition to having a cousin with a leading position, August Heissmeyer SS General and head of the Reich for the children of families could count on with Oswald Pohl, the powerful head of the administration of concentration camps .

strength of these supports Heissmeyer decided to develop his work on tuberculosis using the "material" human prisoner in Nazi concentration camps

course his studies could lead to a revolutionary vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis, obtained Himmler's permission to carry out his experiments in Neuengamme.

Heissmeyer actually had no real preparation about the medical problems of tuberculosis was limited to simply read the work of two Austrian doctors, brothers Kutschera that, between 1929 and 1939 had published several articles on tuberculosis, arguing that inoculation of tuberculin could have been raising the capability of immunity to pulmonary tuberculosis.

This theory already at the time was deemed to be without any scientific basis, and fundamentally wrong.

Heissmeyer On March 19, 1944 along with two other doctors of the SS, Enno lolling and Hans Klein, visited the camp Neuengamme. At the end of April 1944 Heissmeyer Neuengamme settled in and started in the utmost secrecy his experiments on 32 Russian prisoners of war who had been promised more food. The inoculation of tuberculosis resulted in fatal short for four Russians who died in a short time.

Instead of taking note of the substantial failure of the experiments Heissmeyer decided to continue with greater force. However, other mice were used and made it Heissmeyer request to Oswald Pohl.

He was sent to 20 human subjects, Jewish children, 10 females and 10 males. In the name of good friendship that linked him to the young Heissmeyer, Pohl procured by ordering that the children were selected in the concentration camp at Auschwitz.

MORE '/ DO NOT FORGET TO

History of the Holocaust

OLOKAUSTOS - History of the Holocaust since 1933 a. ..

http://www.olokaustos.org/index.htm

http://www.holocaust-history.org/

Simon Wiesenthal Center Multimedia Learning C. ..

The German concentration camp Neuengamme

http://fhh1.hamburg.de/Neuengamme/welcome.en.html

http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/index.php?ModuleId=10005144

The story of the 20 children Bullenhuser Damm (Hamburg)

Children and the Ogre. The massacre of Bullenhuser Damm - 1

http://www.olokaustos.org/argomenti/bambini/bullen1.htm