recalls the Italian Republic on January 27, the date on which occurred in 1945 killing of the gates of Auschwitz, giving the name of "Memorial Day", the Shoah.La symbolic choice of that day is not an "end" of the suffering, the entrance of the allied troops, the Nazis had already withdrawn route, bringing with them a "death march "disabled prisoners many of whom died during the march itself, but showed the world the reality of the camps.
memory as on other occasions is the greatest help that can help us fight the recurrence of such horrors.
In our small group of local cultural, fetch wood joins those who pursue this goal in different ways. In doing so we present this piece in our Blog titled SHOAH
expression Prof.Giancarlo Restelli incomplete work of our fellow citizen and always first in line to contribute to the perpetuation of the memory, to which we give our thanks.
SHOAH
an incomplete expression?
" very dark and always
the color of remembrance"
Nelly Sachs
The word Shoah, which is widely used by journalism and mass media, derived from Hebrew and means disaster, destruction, disaster .
According to Michele Sarfatti had already appeared in 1937 in Austria, in Jewish circles shaken by the Nazi persecution of the first local and then spreads more intensely in '38 in Germany
immediately after the "Kristalnacht", the "Crystal Night". This too is an incomplete expression for that night (9 / 10 November) were shattered not only thousands of windows of Jewish shops, but also two hundred synagogues were destroyed and burned. The violence culminated in several murders and internment of Jews many other concentration camps.
That night, many German Jews, it seemed a "catastrophe" hardly amendable.
In '51 the Israeli parliament instituted the day (yom) is - shoah u 'has Mered - Getaot, abbreviated as Yom ha - Holocaust, set April 19. Every year this event in Israel reminds one of the most important days of the uprising in the Jewish ghetto in Warsaw.
Holocaust was published in English in "Holocaust" bad words because the Greek root refers to a "sacrifice " religious Jews who survived it is entirely unjustifiable.
In 1985 the great documentary "Shoah" by Claude Lanzamann imposed the word in many parts of the world.
We are sure that the word Holocaust is effective in summarizing and mean what was the Nazi death camps? It 'really pervasive or expression identifies only the Jewish persecution? According dell'Aned (National Association of former political prisoners in concentration camps) in the 1634 Nazi concentration camps, that a German law of 1977 recognized fields "for the extermination, "were deported 12 million people of which 11 million perished.
These figures are frightening and at the same time pose fundamental questions.
How many nationalities and peoples have lived through concentration camps? The Jews have paid a hard price to millions of displaced persons, but what other people have shared with the Jewish experience of the camp? The Nazi concentration camp becomes an instrument in the fight against the Nazis that part of Europe that was not covered in the future plans after victory. Gypsies and disabled Germans were two groups of people for whom it was not expected to survive.
historian writes Friedlander, deported to Auschwitz, "Together with the Jews, the Nazis killed gypsies of Europe. Defined as a race "dark skinned" men, women and children gypsies could not escape their fate of victims of Nazi genocide ... The Nazi regime systematically killed only three human groups: the handicapped, Jews and Gypsies. "
many Gypsies were killed? Roma of German origin from 220,000 to 500,000 individuals in a population of one million people.
Porrajmos " is a word that few know, yet it is the synonym for gypsy Holocaust: Porrajmos means" devouring "of the Gypsies at Auschwitz and other concentration camps in which they were interned.
Disabled people were exterminated in German psychiatric hospitals and specialized centers without much fanfare from the early years of Nazism until the end of the war.
When Hitler came to power, wasted no time in July '33 a law required the sterilization of disabled people: about 300/400 thousand people, that is, 0.5 percent of the German population underwent this treatment.
Then began the elimination of babies and children with mental and physical impairments. At the same time also began the extermination of disabled adults (September 1939).
The euthanasia program (Program T4) became the first stop for the pressure of the German Evangelical Church and the protests of many families (August ' 41), but Hitler had already achieved significant objectives: about 80 000 people had been killed. Taking advantage of the chaos caused by war, the killing continued until the end of the conflict with tens and tens of thousands of lives be deleted.
Disabled people were killed with lethal injections to the heart, medicines and some rudimentary gas chambers in extermination centers, including the Hartheim castle in Austria, near Salzburg.
When the Nazi leaders chose the gas to implement the "Final Solution of the Jewish problem" used some of the technicians, doctors and officials who came from the 'T4 Program. "
Another issue recently investigated is the number of prisoners of war interned by the Germans in the camps. The Holocaust Jewish, also because of its enormity, has captured most of the major studies in the shadows, leaving other aspects of the deportation.
beginning of 'Operation Barbarossa "(June 1941) fell into the hands of Wehrmacht between three and four million Soviet soldiers who paid with their capture and then death of Stalin's blunders with the "purge" of 1937/38 that had decimated the General Staff of the Soviet Army. This huge mass of troops was interned in special camps (except officers and political commissars who were shot on the spot instead) and left to die of hunger and disease.
The highest number of prisoners is explained by the fact that Stalin (worst strategist ever) had ordered his troops not to retreat at all. So the Germans, with extensive avoidance maneuvers, captured by surrounding whole armies. The Red Army soldiers who fell into the hands of Hitler, Stalin were defined by "enemies of the people" because they had surrendered to overwhelming force. It 's easy to imagine the fate of the few survivors of the Nazi concentration camps once repatriated to the Soviet Union: the execution or deportation to the gulag, the Stalinist version of Hitler's concentration camps.
How many Polish soldiers, Greeks, Yugoslavs, French, English ... were interned in concentration camps?
After September 8, 1943 were interned 800,000 Italian soldiers, of whom about 80 per cent said no all'arruolamento saloino army. Unfortunately, 35,000 did not come to Italy killed by the disease and the work exhausting.
another 40,000 were deported because Italian partisans and resistance (red triangles), or because they were Jews (about 8,000). The final outcome was tragic: not returned to their homes in the proportion of nine out of ten.
Wherever they came German forces were born in some cases important and impressive resistance movements: The Kz were filled to capacity to intern hundreds of thousands of men from across Europe whose fate was already sealed: die immediately or after a few months to ' internal structures where every abomination was possible.
And what about the civilians of various nationalities, who were deported? By some estimates, between 1939 and '44, were deported to Germany for forced labor Poles 2,800,000 and 1,200,000 Russians. The Italians were about 100,000.
These considerations make us realize that the Nazi concentration camp has been a tragedy for many European populations, including Jews.
Appropriating memory erasing a Party to the other is the worst way to remember and honor the victims.
Perhaps the word Shoah shares with other popular expressions such as Restoration, Risorgimento, Resistance ... the difficulty of being all-embracing formula of the incident. It 's definitely better to consider these words a "generic determination", ie formulas only able to orient ourselves in the vast world of the story but not in a position to express its profound meaning.
We would like to conclude this part with the reflection of a great scholar of Judaism, Michele Sarfatti, according to which "the Holocaust was a first chapter of our history, that must be understood before they called."
"Basically the twentieth century, one of the largest
technological development in human history,
is also the bloodiest century,
inhuman and barbaric ".
The century of the slaughterhouse. "
Paul A. Dossena
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